README FILE FOR BERING STRAIT MOORING DATA 28th Aug 2024 ============================================================================= 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567 Bering Strait Moorings 2022-2023 This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from summer 2022 and to summer 2023. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network award PLR-2153942 (PIs: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz). The mooring work required 2 dedicated cruises: - in 2022 (8th-19th September), a ~ 12 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. - in 2023 (4th-14th July), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 recovered the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately. In 2022, a total of three moorings were deployed: - two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait, - one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait. In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent year of deployment. In 2023, all three moorings were successfully recovered. Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 was established in 2001. Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel. Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line. Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western channel water. Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows measurement of the Alaskan Coastal Current. For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work, please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html. Moorings carry a variety of instruments, listed in the table below. All records are year-round, sampling hourly or more frequently (Time Int. in table below). Data from instruments marked with * are not included in this archive. For access to these data, please contact the named PI in list below table. 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ID Deployed Latitude Longitude Instrument S/N Time Inst. Water in Year (N) (W) Int. Depth Depth -------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2-22 2022 65 46.85 168 34.10 ISCAT 24298 NR 16m 56m ISCAT-Logger 28 30min ... 56m 300kHz-ADCP 2234 30min 46m 56m SBE37-ODO 24443 60min 49m 56m FLNTUSB 7566 60min 49m 56m SUNA 1920 60min 49m 56m SBE16 1226 60min 50m 56m A3-22 2022 66 19.63 168 56.9 Upper ISCAT 20935 5min 7m/24m 58m dragged off position by ice Lower ISCAT 24297 5min 16m 58m on 19th April 2023 0100-1130 ISCAT-Logger 22 30min 58m 300kHz-ADCP 12845 30min 43m 58m SBE16 1225 60min 43m 58m SBE37-ODO 24444 60min 46m 58m FLNTUSB 1260 60min 46m 58m SUNA 1918 60min 46m 58m *SOUNDTRAP 7173 - 49m 58m A4-22 2022 65 44.74 168 15.78 ISCAT 24300 5min 16m 49m mooring recovered by dragging ISCAT-Logger 24 30min ... 49m 300kHz-ADCP 13756 30min 37m 49m SBE16 2341 60min 41m 49m FLNTUSB 7565 60min 41m 49m -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depths are estimated from mooring design and pressure sensors where available, and are good to 1-2m. NR=instrument not recovered ND=No data Where ISCATS change recording depth when floatation is lost, both depths are given Instruments with data included here: ISCAT - SBE37IM in ice resistant float, telemetering data inductively to a Logger below (system developed at APL-UW). Logger data only used if SBE37s are not recovered. 300KHz-ADCP - 300kHz RDI/Teledyne Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler SBE37 Microcat - Seabird SBE 37 Temperature Salinity Pressure recorder SBE16woptic - Seabird SBE16plus with optical data (including some or all of fluorescence, turbidity, transmissivity and PAR) - see headers SBE26p-BPG - Seabird SBE26plus Bottom Pressure Gauge RCM9Turb - Aanderaa RCM9 acoustic current meter with turbidity sensor RCM9LW - Aanderaa Lightweight RCM9 acoustic current meter SBE37-ODO - Seabird SBE37 Temperature Salinity Pressure recorder with SBE63 Dissolved oxygen sensor FLNTUSB - Wetlabs Fluorescence Turbidity sensor SUNA - Seabird SUNA V2 Nitrate sensor Instruments with data not included here: AARI-CM&CTD - Current meter and CTD from AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Russia), PI: Igor Lavrenov, AARI ISUS - ISUS Nitrate sensor, PI: Terry Whitledge, UAF AURAL M2* - Aural Marine Mammal Acoustic Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW APL Marine Rec* - APL Marine Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW. Soundtrap - APL Marine Mammal Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford UW. Each data file contains the data from one instrument-year - the listed year in the mooring name is the year in which the mooring was deployed. For non-ADCP instruments, calibrated data are recorded in one file per instrument per year, with naming convention: BeringStrait_yyyy_ID_III_#####.ttt yyyy=Deployment year; ID=mooring ID; III=instrument type; #####=serial number; ttt=indicates calibration, with .pre=pre-deployment calibration used, .ppp=pre and post deployment calibrations merged. The SBE-16 and 37 hexidecimal files (unaltered from the download) are also included, indicated by extension .hex or .asc For the ADCPs, there are multiple files per instrument. BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####ADCPraw.000 = Binary download from the ADCP (see notes below for multiple .000 files) BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPdeploytests.txt = pre deployment tests BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPrecoverytest.txt = post deployment tests The remainder are ASCII conversions of the data, corrected for clock drift and magnetic declination. BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.btm = ASCII bottom track data (including ice range and velocity) BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.ins = ASCII instrument data (e.g. heading, pitch, roll, temperature) BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_bin01.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 1 BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.bin02.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 2 etc. (Bin depths are given in the data files) Header information is included in each data file. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- For details of the measurements and their interpretation, please see: Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography 28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57 and Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007. Please use both 2015 and 2018 citations for these data. For an overview of cruises and project, please see: http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html For relevant papers, please see: Roach, A.T., K. Aagaard, C. H. Pease, S.A. Salo, T. Weingartner, V. Pavlov, and M. Kulakov (1995) Direct measurements of transport and water properties through Bering Strait, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,443-18,457. Woodgate, R.A., and K. Aagaard (2005) Revising the Bering Strait freshwater flux into the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02602, doi:10.1029/2004GL021747. Woodgate, R.A., K. Aagaard, and T. Weingartner (2005) Monthly temperature, salinity, and transport variability of the Bering Strait throughflow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, No. 4, L04601, doi:10.1029/2004GL021880. Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner (2005) A year in the physical oceanography of the Chukchi Sea: Moored measurements from autumn 1990-1991,Deep-Sea Res., Part II, 52, 3116-3149, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.10.016. Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner (2006) Interannual changes in the Bering Strait fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater between 1991 and 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15609, doi:10.1029/2006GL026931. Woodgate, R. A., T. Weingartner, and R. Lindsay (2010), The 2007 Bering Strait oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01602, doi:10.1029/2009GL041621. Woodgate, R.A., T. Weingartner, and R. Lindsay (2012), Observed increases in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from 2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24603, doi:10.1029/2012GL054092. Woodgate, R.A., (2018), Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007. Woodgate, R.A., and C.Peralta-Ferriz, (2021), Warming and Freshening of the Pacific Inflow to the Arctic from 1990-2019 implying dramatic shoaling in Pacific Winter Water ventilation of the Arctic water column, Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2021GL092528 For queries, please contact: Rebecca Woodgate woodgate@uw.edu (206) 221-3268 Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington 1013 NE 40th, Seattle, WA 98105-6698 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Meta data ========= 1) Platform: Subsurface oceanographic moorings 2) Project title: Bering Strait 3) Data collection dates: Sept 2022 to July 2021 4) PI: Rebecca Woodgate (woodgate@uw.edu) 5) Data collection method: Year-round moorings carrying - Sea-Bird temperature/conductivity and pressure recorders (SBE) - RDI 300kHz Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) - APL data loggers for inductive data from ISCAT system - Sea-Bird SBE37-ODO dissolved oxygen sensor (SBE63) - Wetlabs FLNTUSB Fluorescence Turbidity sensors - Sea-Bird SUNA V2 nitrate sensors 6) Data calibration method: Unless noted otherwise in the header on each data file, timestamps have been corrected for observed instrument clock drift. All times are given in GMT. For SBEs, calibration coefficients are given in header file. SBEs: (SBE16, SBE37 and SBE37ODO) - Generally pre and post calibrated by the manufacturer (indicated by suffix .ppp). - pre and post calibrations linearly time-weighted through the deployment. - .pre suffix indicates only pre-cruise calibration used - just prior to recovery, a CTD cast was performed in the vicinity of the mooring as an attempt to provide an inwater calibration. This is found to be of inconsistent quality as a calibration check. Immediately after recovery, SBE instruments were placed in a stirred tank of sea water, to check immediate post deployment calibrations. This gives the best estimate of any residual offset in salinity after the manufacturer's post calibration. For full details, see cruise report. These are both just informational checks to assess how well the post-cruise manufacturer's calibration captures the final in-water state. The final post-cruise calibration used is that from the manufacturer, to be consistent with prior data processing. Wetlabs FLNTUSB - Calibrated by the manufacturer pre deployment. SUNA: - Calibrated by the manufacturer pre deployment - pre and post deployment, reference updates performed with distilled water and test run done with 20uM nitrate standard prepared by UW. - data processed for temperature salinity correction as per Sakamoto et al 2009 using Sea-bird UCI software Final data interpolated in time between pre and post calibrations. ADCPS: Tested by APL/manufacturer pre deployment. - compasses calibrated as per manufacturer's specifications in Seattle prior to deployment. Estimated compass error is included in the header file - where available, post deployment compass check also included in header file - direction corrected to true north, magnetic declination used is cited in the header. - data requiring speed of sound in water is corrected by the ADCP using the water temperature measured by the ADCP. - intensity of returned signals is not specially calibrated. 7) Instrumentation used: (see table for sampling frequencies) Sea-Bird SBE16 and SBE 37 recorders ISCAT loggers (SBE37 Microcat logging data to an APL-Logger) RDI 300 kHz Workhorse ADCP - bin size typically 2m Sea-Bird SBE37-ODO incorporating SBE63 dissolved oxygen sensor Wetlabs FLNTUSB Seabird SUNA-V2 8) Quality control procedures: Quality control provided by Rebecca Woodgate. ADCP data rely on ADCP internal temperature for speed of sound corrections. ADCP Data files are included for all bins up to the surface although bins near the surface contain much larger errors (likely due to surface effects) and should be treated with caution. 9) Data format: SBE and other data - ASCII, format given in individual headers (uncalibrated "hex", "asc" or "XML" data also included for SBEs) ADCP data - 2 formats: a) BINARY download file from ADCP and b) ASCII conversion of these files (in 2m bins) 10) Data collection problems: By Mooring: - Mooring A3-22 was dragged off position by ice on 19th April 2023 0100-1130 ADCP data show data after this date have a different principal heading, and this must be corrected for to yield a self consistent time-series - Mooring A4-22 required a dragging operation to release the mooring - biofouling is a typical issue in the strait, and was still sigificant on these moorings, although salinity cells were generally clear on recovery. The effect of this on the data is to make salinities appear erroreously fresh. Estimates of the extent of this problem by instrument are given below and in the individual file headers. Photographic documentation of biofouling on recovery is available via cruise reports, included here and on the Bering Strait website: http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html. By Instrument: === ISCATS (Loggers and SBE37s) A222 - ISCAT SBE37 24298 - lost, last data record 23rd June 2023 - Logger 28 - top float with SBE37 was lost, data only from logger - logger clock 19 min slow on recovery but time stamps here are taken from the SBE37, - note start time is not on whole hour - by design, instrument may pull down, thus pressure record must be included in analysis - post cal not available - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications. - note data are not regular in time. A322 - Upper SBE37 20935 - recovered - data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on 19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130 - biofouling light, cell clear - float above iscat lost 1stJan2023, 22:10 and instrument descends to ~ 24m for rest of deployment. - soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check - given depth is minimum depth, instrument often deeper - instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor - clock 0 min fast by end of deployment - by design, instrument may pull down, thus pressure record must be included in analysis - record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications. A322 - Lower SBE37 24297 - recovered - data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on 19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130 - biofouling light, cell clear - upper float of iscat housing loose - soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check - given depth is minimum depth, instrument often deeper - instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor - clock 0 min fast by end of deployment - by design, instrument may pull down, thus pressure record must be included in analysis - record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications. A422 - Iscat SBE37 24300 - recovered - biofouling light, cell clear - mooring had to be dragged, release time is time sighted - soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check - given depth is minimum depth, instrument often deeper - instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor - clock 0 min fast by end of deployment - 3 records lost sometime during deployment. Data interpolated to start and end time, giving good match to time into and out of water. - by design, instrument may pull down, thus pressure record must be included in analysis - record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications. === SBE16s A222_1226 - mooring very little biofouling - Cell clear, but broken, probably damaged on deployment - Clock 6min slow on recovery - record based on pre cal only. Seabird unable to postcal - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications, apart from apparent clogged period JD275 to 279 when SBE is generally 0.07psu too fresh and ODO data likely more reliable A322_1225 - data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on 19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130 - Biofouling very light, Cell clear on recovery - Clock 6min slow on recovery - record linearly interpolated between pre & post cals - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications. - generally 0.03psu fresher than other instruments A422_2341 - Biofouling light, Cell clear on recovery - Clock 6min slow on recovery - record linearly interpolated between pre & post cals - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications. - several obvious spikes in temperature (and thus salinity) === ADCPs Note that ADCP range measurements are not corrected for pitch and roll. For full discussion and correction, see: Woodgate and Holroyd, 2011, included in archive. A222_adcp02234 - ADCP deployed in non-vaned frame with viny floatation - biofouling extremely light, transducers clear - pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 20 deg - roll frequently 5-10deg - range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll - large errors in bin1 - data generally good until Bin16 (~12m) - temperature data not quality controlled A322_adcp12845 - ADCP deployed in vaned frame with viny floatation - data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on 19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130 - biofouling very light, transducers clear - pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 20 deg - roll frequently 5-10deg - range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll - large errors in bin1 and bins 8,9,10 - data generally good until Bin14 (~13m) - temperature data not quality controlled - note new position has different principal flow heading A422_adcp13756 - ADCP deployed in non-vaned frame with viny floatation - biofouling extremely light, transducers clear - mooring had to be dragged, release time is time sighted - pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 20 deg - roll frequently up to 10deg - range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll - large errors in bin1 and bins 7,8,9 - data generally good until Bin12 (~11m) - temperature data not quality controlled === SBE37ODO A222_ODO_24443 - ODO deployed vertical in cage with SUNA and Wetlabs sensor - biofouling light, cell clear - soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check - instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor - clock 20s slow by end of deployment - record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal - difference between pre and post pressure calibrations introduces a drift (~1m) over the deployment, but no clear pressure change is seen in other pressures on the mooring, thus the trend here is likely instrument error. - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications. - deployment/recovery CTDs show very good agreement of ODO with CTD Ox1 (< 0.1%, <0.006ml/l) A322_ODO_24444 - ODO deployed vertical in cage with SUNA and Wetlabs sensor - data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on 19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130 - biofouling light, cell clear - soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check - instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor - clock 20s slow by end of deployment - pressure shows significant drift, ~1m over deployment enhanced by combining pre and post cals to ~1.5m A pressure change of about 0.5m is seen in other pressures on the mooring (likely due to mooring movement), but the rest of the trend here is likely instrument error. - 1 record not cleared from ODO memory at start. Start time adjusted to make timestamps correct. - record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement generally within manufacturer's specifications. - deployment CTDs show very good agreement of ODO with CTD Ox1 (< 0.1%, <0.02ml/l). - Recovery CTD not available === FLNTUSB A222_FLNTUSB_7566 - FLNTUSB deployed looking down in cage with SUNA and ODO - equipped with biowiper - depth estimated from other sensors on mooring - biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear - clock 11min 20s slow on recovery (this is corrected for in timestamps below) - no post-cruise calibration available but typically fluorescence drift per year may be 2.6ug/L or 5% of max signal turbidity drift per year may be 3.75 NTU or 15% per year (information from manufacturer, Seabird) - 9999 indicates pre cal information missing Data issues: - data interval given above is approximate, due to instrument writing time, time between readings is slightly greater than this. - time stamps below are correct - time stamps of last 3 readings are incorrect. These readings were taken to check cap on readings. - 4readings per on-time, individual readings, and mean and std recorded here - pre and post deployment, some period with cap on to establish instrument drift. See cruise report for details A322_FLNTUSB_1260 - FLNTUSB deployed looking down in cage with SUNA and ODO - equipped with biowiper - depth estimated from other sensors on mooring - data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on 19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130 - biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear - clock less than 1min slow on recovery (this is corrected for in timestamps below) - no post-cruise calibration available but typically fluorescence drift per year may be 2.6ug/L or 5% of max signal turbidity drift per year may be 3.75 NTU or 15% per year (information from manufacturer, Seabird) - data interval given above is approximate, due to instrument writing time, time between readings is slightly greater than this. - time stamps below are correct - 4readings per on-time, individual readings, and mean and std recorded here - pre and post deployment, some period with cap on to establish instrument drift. See cruise report for details A422_FLNTUSB_7565 - FLNTUSB deployed on SBE16, mounted looking down - equipped with biowiper - depth estimated from other sensors on mooring - biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear - clock 11min 36s slow on recovery (this is corrected for in timestamps below) - no post-cruise calibration available but typically fluorescence drift per year may be 2.6ug/L or 5% of max signal turbidity drift per year may be 3.75 NTU or 15% per year (information from manufacturer, Seabird) - data interval given above is approximate, due to instrument writing time, time between readings is slightly greater than this. - time stamps below are correct - time stamps of last 3 readings are incorrect. These readings were taken to check cap on readings. - 4readings per on-time, individual readings, and mean and std recorded here - pre and post deployment, some period with cap on to establish instrument drift. See cruise report for details === SUNA V2 A222_SUNAV2_1920 SUNA V2 (Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer) with 10mm path length Data interpolated by record number between reference updates: Cal E - pre deployment and Cal F - post deployment Data postprocessed for temperature and salinity (TS) effects using Seabird UCI software using TS data from BeringStrait_2022_A2_ODOsbe37_24443.ppp File includes pre and post deployment calibration tests using UW standard Pre deployment standard UW-made NO3 standard, 20uM (but consistently reads high) Post deployment standard UW-made NO3 standard, 20uM Note this makes the record non-continuous in time, time interval stated above is that during the mooring deployment Temperature and salinity are set to 20degC and 0psu for these tests Note also data are not fitted to these calibration tests - SUNA deployed looking down in cage with FLNTUSB and ODO - equipped with biowiper - depth estimated from other sensors on mooring - biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear - clock accurate on recovery - data were collected in frame-based mode with 15 light and 1 dark frame per data interval - dark frames are removed from the record below, but always returned 0 - manufacturer specifications are for accuracy of ~2uM - UW comparisons for CTD data suggest accuracy of ~1uM consistent with bottle samples taken from instrument depth on CTD casts - these casts suggest mooring record may be ~1uM low on deployment and ~1uM high on recovery, although comparisons to salinity show this test is not always reliable. See cruise report for details A322_SUNAV2_1918 SUNA V2 (Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer) with 10mm path length Data interpolated by record number between reference updates: Cal C - pre deployment and Cal D - post deployment Data postprocessed for temperature and salinity (TS) effects using Seabird UCI software using TS data from BeringStrait_2022_A3_ODOsbe37_24444.ppp File includes pre and post deployment calibration tests using UW standard Pre deployment standard UW-made NO3 standard, 20uM (but consistently reads high) Post deployment standard UW-made NO3 standard, 20uM Note this makes the record non-continuous in time, time interval stated above is that during the mooring deployment Temperature and salinity are set to 20degC and 0psu for these tests Note also data are not fitted to these calibration tests - SUNA deployed looking down in cage with FLNTUSB and ODO - equipped with biowiper - depth estimated from other sensors on mooring - biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear - clock accurate on recovery - data were collected in frame-based mode with 15 light and 1 dark frame per data interval - dark frames are removed from the record below, but always returned 0 - manufacturer specifications are for accuracy of ~2uM - UW comparisons for CTD data suggest accuracy of ~1uM consistent with bottle samples taken from instrument depth on CTD casts - these casts suggest mooring record may be ~1uM low on deployment (pre recovery CTD cast not available) 11) Other related data sets: This data set is a continuation of mooring measurements made in the Bering Strait almost continuously since 1990. Mooring data have already been archived via the SBI project, managed by JOSS/EOS, and at NODC (now NCEI), and metadata at arcticdata.io and AOOS. For details see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html https://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_lists/generated/sbi/ http://www.ncei.noaa.gov Since 2000, CTD sections have been run in the Bering Strait on the mooring cruises. These data are also accessible via the http links above. 12) Conditions for use or citation: Data freely available Please, as a courtesy, contact the PIs before using these data and cite as Woodgate et al., 2015 and Woodgate, 2018, viz: Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography 28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57 and Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007. 13) Data qualifications or warnings: See also Data collection problems. For data issues relevant to a specific deployment, see the individual headers. In general: SBE data: Standard Sea-Bird limitations apply SBE37s: - estimated accuracy 0.002 deg C, 0.0003 S/m (corresponding to 0.008 psu), and < 1 db. SBE16s: - estimated accuracy 0.02 deg C, 0.0012 S/m (corresponding to 0.02 psu), and < 1 db. FOR BOTH: - see header files for difference between pre and post calibration which are usually 0.03 psu or greater. - Note that post-calibrations on the SBE16s in the strait often suggest salinity sensor drift during deployment of between 0.02 and 0.1psu, and this should be considered if post calibrations are not available - Note also that clogging of the salinity cell during deployment will not be captured by the post calibration and thus generally ends of records should be suspected for anomalously low salinities, especially if the SBE is not mounted vertical. SBE37ODO: - estimated accuracy 0.002 deg C, 0.0003 S/m (corresponding to 0.008 psu), - 100m strain gauge pressure sensor accuracy 0.1% of full scale range (i.e., 0.1db) - DO SBE63 sensor, larger of 3umol/kg (I,e,, 0.07ml/l) or 2% WETLABS FLNTUSB - Fluorescence drift of 2.6ug/L or 5% of max signal per year - Turbidity drift of 3.75NTU or 15% per year SUNA V2 - after TS correction (Sea-Bird UCI software applying Sakamoto et al., 2009), and reference updates, final data agree to bottle samples to <1uM. ADCP data: Standard RDI limitations apply - estimated accuracy ~ 0.5 cm/s for water velocities (~100 pings per ensemble) Estimated errors (given in the files) vary with bin and time ~ 1 cm/s for ice velocities (2 or 5 pings per ensemble) Estimated errors (given in the files) vary with time ~ 1 deg in direction (see header files) Range to ice - accurate to 1% of range to surface (i.e. ~ 0.4 m) ~ 0.4 deg C in temperature Note that ADCP range measurements are not corrected for pitch and roll. For full discussion and correction, see: Woodgate and Holroyd, 2011, included in archive 14) Grant numbers: Mooring sponsorship came from - National Science Foundation (NSF) Arctic Observing Network (AON) program, grant PLR-2153942 (PI: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz) 15) Sample repository locations: National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncei.noaa.gov) (previously National Ocean Data Center) University of Washington (http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD) 16) Please use the following 2 citations for these data: Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography, 28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57 and Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007. ============================================================================== ============================================================================== FILE LISTING ============= Total number of files: 746 files (665Mb) including 13 subdirectories Name ---- = Metadata file (1 file) Bering_Strait_Moorings_2022-2023_NSFAON_ReadMe_versAug2024.txt = Cruise reports (2 files) and 1 technical note (1 file) BeringStrait2022CruiseReport_Norseman2_versFeb2024wEL.pdf BeringStrait2023CruiseReport_Norseman2_versMarch2024wEL.pdf WoodgateandHolroyd2011_BTrangeCorrection.pdf = ISCAT data (4 files) - 1 ICLog*.pre of pre calibrated logger data - 3 ICsbe37*.ppp pre-post calibrated SBE37 data BeringStrait_2022_A2_ICLog28_24298.pre BeringStrait_2022_A3_ICsbe37U_20935.ppp BeringStrait_2022_A3_ICsbe37L_24297.ppp BeringStrait_2022_A4_ICsbe37_24300.ppp (see also subdirectory, SBE37IMHexfiles), - 3 ICsbe37*.hex raw SBE37 data = SBE16 (3 files) - 2 .ppp files of pre-post calibrated data - 1 .pre file of pre-cruise calibrated data BeringStrait_2022_A2_sbe16_1226.pre BeringStrait_2022_A3_sbe16_1225.ppp BeringStrait_2022_A4_sbe16_2341.ppp (see also SBE16HexandConfiles directory) = FLNTUSB fluorescence and turbidity data (3 files) - 3 .pre files of pre-cruise calibrated FLTUSB data BeringStrait_2022_A2_FLTUSB_7566.pre BeringStrait_2022_A3_FLTUSB_1260.pre BeringStrait_2022_A4_FLTUSB_7565.pre = SUNA nitrate data - 2 .ppp files of pre-post calibrated data BeringStrait_2022_A2_SUNA_1920.ppp BeringStrait_2022_A3_SUNA_1918.ppp (see also SUNA_rawandcalfiles directory) = SBE37ODO data - 2 .ppp files of pre-post calibrated data BeringStrait_2022_A2_ODOsbe37_24443.ppp BeringStrait_2022_A3_ODOsbe37_24444.ppp (see also ODOHexandPostcalConfiles directory) .. and the 7 subdirectories, Three subdirectories of ADCP data, naming conventions as described above, including test and raw data files (each 27 files): ./BeringStrait_2022_A2_adcp02234: BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234.btm BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234.ins BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234ADCPdeploytests.txt BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234ADCPraw.000 BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234ADCPrecoverytests.txt BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin01.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin02.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin03.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin04.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin05.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin06.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin07.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin08.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin09.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin10.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin11.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin12.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin13.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin14.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin15.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin16.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin17.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin18.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin19.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin20.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin21.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin22.rdat ./BeringStrait_2022_A3_adcp12845: BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845.btm BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845.ins BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845ADCPdeploytests.txt BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845ADCPraw.000 BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845ADCPrecoverytests.txt BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin01.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin02.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin03.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin04.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin05.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin06.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin07.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin08.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin09.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin10.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin11.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin12.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin13.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin14.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin15.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin16.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin17.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin18.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin19.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin20.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin21.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin22.rdat ./BeringStrait_2022_A4_adcp13756: BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756.btm BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756.ins BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756ADCPdeploytests.txt BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756ADCPraw.000 BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756ADCPrecoverytests.txt BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin01.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin02.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin03.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin04.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin05.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin06.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin07.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin08.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin09.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin10.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin11.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin12.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin13.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin14.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin15.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin16.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin17.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin18.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin19.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin20.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin21.rdat BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin22.rdat One subdirectory of raw Hex and con files for SBE37ODO ./ODOHexandPostcalConfiles: SBE37SMP-ODO-RS232_03724443_2023_07_10.hex SBE37SMP-ODO-RS232_03724443_postcalDec23.xmlcon SBE37SMP-ODO-RS232_03724444_2023_07_13.hex SBE37SMP-ODO-RS232_03724444_postcalDec23.xmlcon One subdirectory of raw Hex and con files for SBE16 ./SBE16HexandConfiles: 1225posDec23.con 1225preDec21.con 1226preDec21.con 2341posDec23.con 2341preDec21.con A222_sbe1226.hex A322_sbe1225.hex A422_sbe2341.hex One subdirectory of raw Hex files for SBE37IM (iscats) ./SBE37IMHexfiles: SBE37IM_03720935_2023_07_14.hex SBE37IM_03724297_2023_07_14.hex SBE37IM_03724300_2023_07_10.hex Two directories of SUNA raw and calibration files ./SUNA_rawandcalfiles: SUNA1918_A322postdeploymentfiles SUNA1920_A222postdeploymentfiles … within each - various calibration files including pre and post cruise cals (.cal files) - various diagnostic files - the .xml instrument package file - a directory of data (./DAT) (306 files for A2_1920, 318 files for A3_1918) - a directory of log files (./LOG) +++++++++ END OF FILE LISTING ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++